1.   Plato: Absolutism
Primary Domain: Personal character -- What kind of life should I live?
Principle: Conform to the Forms (Ideals which make up ultimate reality).
Source of Value: The Form of Goodness (an absolute, unchanging, objective, existing, ideal reality).
Method: Reason out the nature of an unchanging ideal. Analogies.
Control: Exceptionless, Possibly limitless and precise (if we actually knew the Form of Goodness).
Example: Lying is wrong because it does not conform to the Form of Truth and it places improper value on the changeable and ignorance.

2.   Aristotle: Eudaimonism
Primary Domain: Personal character -- What kind of person should I be?
Principle: Develop and maintain activity of the soul in accordance with virtue and a rational principle.
Source of Value: Human well-being as determined by human nature.
Method: Examine and analyse ordinary moral language and common moral ideas.
Control: Possibly exceptions (one swallow does not a summer make). Limits and imprecise (general dispositions).
Example: Lying is wrong because it is outside of the mean between the defect of understatement and the excess of boastfulness. So it is not virtuous.

3.   St. Thomas Aquinas: Natural Law
Primary Domain: Personal character -- What kind of person should I be?
Principle: Promote good and avoid evil. Goods are self-preservation, family, knowledge and ordered society.
Source of Value: The nature of humanity and the universe as determined by God.
Method: Elaborate on Aristotle. Examine human inclinations. Reason about the nature of law.
Control: Possibly exceptions (cultural differences in ordering society).  Limits and imprecise.
Example: Lying is wrong because we have a natural inclination to shun ignorance and avoid offending others; it is harmful to ordered society.

4.   Immanuel Kant: Deontology
Primary Domain: Actions -- What should I do?
Principle: The categorical imperative, act only on that maxim (principle) which you could be willing to have everyone act upon. And other versions.
Source of Value: Rationality and the reverence for reason. Goodness of will. Autonomy.
Method: Reasoning about the nature of a good will, the categorical, and consistency.
Control: Exceptionless. Limits. Precise (legalistic).
Example: Lying is wrong because the idea of everyone deceiving is inconsistent, hence impossible, hence cannot be willed.

5.   John Stuart Mill: Utilitarianism
Primary Domain: Actions -- What should I do?
Principle: Maximize benefits over harms for the greatest number of those affected.
Source of Value: Human happiness, namely, pleasures or preferences, as determined by human psychology. The consequences of actions.
Method: Reason about the need for a single principle decision procedure and the value of happiness to each.
Control: Exceptionless. Limitless. Possibly precise (act utilitarianism).
Example: Lying is wrong, when it is, because it fails to maximize benefits
     over harms for the greatest number affected.

6.   John Rawls: Contractarianism
Primary Domain: Institutions -- What social arrangements should we adopt?
Principle: Just arrangements are fair. First, most extensive compatible liberty, and second, economic inequalities must benefit least advantaged and be equally open to all.
Source of Value: Human well-being as determined by rational self-interest from behind veil of ignorance.
Method: Considered judgements in reflective equilibrium. Reasoning about hypothetical and actual cases.
Control: Exceptionless. Limited primarily to social arrangements. Imprecise.
Example: Lying can not be part of social arrangements because it is incompatible with similar liberty being granted to all.

7. Tom Regan: Rights Theory (Bonus Theory)
Primary Domain: Actions -- What should I do?
Principle: Those with inherent value have justified claims of entitlement to certain kinds of respect, which creates duties for others
Source of Value: Having preference autonomy, Having inherent value, Being the subject-of-a-life (Having beliefs, desires, perception, memory, sense of the future, emotions, interests, ability to initiate action, psychophysical identity and individual welfare.)
Method: Considers how to consistently reflect value judgements people actually make, and compares the Rights View to other moral theories.
Control: Some kinds of exceptions allowed. Limited. Imprecise.
Example: Lying is wrong, when it is, because it can harm an individual in various ways, and harming an individual disrespects that individual.